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Universal is an Esperantido, a constructed language based on Esperanto. It has inclusive and exclusive pronouns, uses partial reduplication for the plural (''tablo'' "table", ''tatablo'' "tables"), and inversion for antonyms (''mega'' "big", ''gema'' "little"; ''donu'' "give", ''nodu'' "receive"; ''tela'' "far", ''leta'' "near"). Inversion can be seen in, ::''Al gefinu o fargu kaj la egnifu o grafu.'' ::He finished reading ('to read' ) and she started to write. The antonyms are the pronouns ''al'' "he" and ''la'' "she", the ''ge-'' (completive) and ''eg-'' (inchoative) aspects, the verbs ''fin-'' "to finish" and ''nif-'' "to begin", and the verbs ''graf-'' "to write" and ''farg-'' "to read". The ''Universal'' reduplicated plural and inverted antonyms are reminiscent of the musical language Solresol. ==Orthography== The Latin alphabet is used with IPA values, with four additional IPA letters: The affricates are written . The schwa is used to break up consonant clusters in compound words and the like. A palatalized consonant is marked with a hacek, a nasalized vowel with a tilde: ã (among other things, nasalization marks the accusative case; a long vowel by a circumflex: â If stress is not marked, it falls on the last non-schwa vowel preceding the last consonant of the word. Otherwise it is marked by an acute accent: á. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Universal (Esperantido)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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